With the rapid development of technology, near infrared LED (short for near infrared light-emitting diode) has become a key component in various fields. As a kind of semiconductor light-emitting device, near infrared LED emits light in the near infrared spectrum, which has wide application prospects. This article will introduce the near infrared LED industry, including its working principle, market application, and future development trend.

Introduction to Near Infrared LED

Near infrared LED is a kind of semiconductor light-emitting device that emits light in the near infrared spectrum, which is a range of electromagnetic waves with a wavelength between 700 nm and 2500 nm. Near infrared light is invisible to the human eye, but it has strong penetration ability and can be used in various fields. The main materials used in the production of near infrared LED are gallium nitride (GaN), aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN), and indium gallium nitride (InGaN). Among them, GaN-based near infrared LED has excellent performance and is widely used.

Working Principle of Near Infrared LED

The working principle of near infrared LED is based on the principle of semiconductor p-n junction. When a forward bias voltage is applied to the p-n junction, electrons and holes are generated in the junction region. Under the action of the electric field, electrons and holes are injected into the active layer of the LED. When electrons and holes recombine, a part of the energy is released in the form of light, which is the near infrared light emitted by the LED. The color and intensity of the near infrared light are determined by the band gap of the semiconductor material.

Market Application of Near Infrared LED

Near infrared LED has a wide range of applications due to its excellent characteristics. The following are some typical applications:

1. Remote Control

Near infrared LED is widely used in remote control devices, such as TVs, air conditioners, and audio equipment. The near infrared light emitted by the LED is received by the remote control receiver, and the corresponding signal is generated to control the equipment.

2. Biometric Identification

Near infrared LED is used in biometric identification technology, such as fingerprint recognition, facial recognition, and iris recognition. The near infrared light can穿透皮肤表面，使指纹、面部特征和虹膜等生物特征更加清晰， thus improving the accuracy of identification.

3. Medical Imaging

Near infrared LED is used in medical imaging, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). The near infrared light can penetrate tissue and blood vessels, providing a non-invasive and real-time imaging of the internal structure of the human body.

4. Environmental Monitoring

Near infrared LED is used in environmental monitoring, such as air quality monitoring and water quality monitoring. The near infrared light can be used to detect the concentration of various substances in the air and water, thus realizing the real-time monitoring of environmental quality.

5. Communication and Sensing

Near infrared LED is used in communication and sensing fields, such as optical communication and proximity sensing. The near infrared light can be used to realize high-speed and long-distance communication, and can also be used to detect the distance and position of objects.

Future Development Trend of Near Infrared LED Industry

With the continuous development of technology, the near infrared LED industry is facing the following development trends:

1. High Efficiency and Low Power Consumption

The development of near infrared LED will focus on improving the efficiency and reducing the power consumption of the device. High-efficiency and low-power near infrared LED can reduce the energy consumption of application systems and extend the service life of batteries.

2. Miniaturization and Integration

Miniaturization and integration of near infrared LED will enable it to be applied in more fields. The development of micro-near infrared LED and near infrared LED array will promote the application of near infrared LED in mobile terminals, wearable devices, and other fields.

3. Application Innovation

The application of near infrared LED will continue to innovate. In the future, near infrared LED may be used in new fields such as 3D sensing, augmented reality, and virtual reality, bringing more new applications and market opportunities.

In conclusion, near infrared LED has excellent performance and wide application prospects. With the continuous development of technology, the near infrared LED industry will play a more important role in various fields, and bring more benefits to human society.